The Advertising Standards Authority is the UK’s independent regulator of
advertising across all media. We apply the Advertising Codes, which are written
by the Committees of Advertising Practice. Our work includes acting on
complaints and proactively checking the media to take action against misleading,
harmful or offensive advertisements
They regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles, postal
services, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate. They make sure that people in the UK get the best from their communications
services and are protected from scams and sharp practices, while ensuring that
competition can thrive. Ofcom operates under the Communications Act 2003. This detailed Act of Parliament
spells out exactly what Ofcom should do – we can do no more or no less than is
spelt out in the Act.
The British Board of Film Censors was set up in 1912 by the film industry as
an independent body to bring a degree of uniformity to the classification of
film nationally. Statutory powers on film remain with the local councils, which
may overrule any of the BBFC’s decisions, passing films we reject, banning films
we have passed, and even waiving cuts, instituting new ones, or altering
categories for films exhibited under their own licensing jurisdiction.
In November 2012, Lord Hunt, Chair of the PCC, responded to
the publication of Lord Justice Leveson's Report. He reiterated a commitment to
moving forward as swiftly as possible to a new regulatory body. The UK newspaper
and magazine industry has agreed to construct a new regulatory system which is
compliant with Lord Justice Leveson's recommendations and is currently in
discussions about the precise form that will take. Lord Hunt is working with the
industry to set up the new organisation in accordance with those agreed
objectives, and is keeping Government and Parliament informed of progress.
In the meantime the Press Complaints Commission will continue to deal
with complaints from members of the public, which can be made in the normal way
throughout the transition period. The terms of the Editors' Code of Practice
remain the same, and members of PCC staff are available at any time to offer
advice, including on an emergency out-of-hours basis for concerns relating to
harassment or attention from journalists and photographers.
History
The press in the UK has been subject to self-regulation for over sixty
years. The self-regulatory era began with the creation of a voluntary Press
Council in 1953, which aimed to maintain high ethical standards of journalism
and to promote press freedom.
Copyright gives the creators of some types of media rights to control how
they're used and distributed. Music, books, video and software can all be covered by copyright
law
Samsung ordered to pay Apple $290 million for copying iPhone and iPad
features
The verdict in San Jose, California, covers 13 older Samsung devices that a
previous jury found were among 26 Samsung products which infringed Apple
patents.
The previous jury awarded Apple 1.05 billion US dollars (£650.9 million) but
US District Judge Lucy Koh ordered the new trial and threw out 450 million US
dollars (£279 million) of the damages after concluding that the previous jury
had miscalculated the amount Samsung owed.
Samsung appealed against that verdict and is also expected to appeal against
the latest verdict.
A third trial is scheduled for March to consider Apple's claims that
Samsung's newest devices on the market also copied Apple's technology.
Privacy law refers to the laws which deal with the regulation of personal
information about individuals which can be collected by governments and other
public as well as private organizations and its storage and use.
The Phone Hacking Scandle
Hacking into messages on mobile phones is covered by the same law which now regulates phone tapping and other forms of covert information-gathering, the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, known as RIPA.
This makes it a criminal offence to intercept phone calls unless it is done by a member of the police or intelligence agencies acting with a secretary of state's warrant, which can be granted only to protect national security, to prevent serious crime or to safeguard the economic wellbeing of the UK. It also makes it an offence to gain access to material which is stored on a communication system, such as a voice message, without a search warrant or a "production order", either of which has to be approved by a judge.
The definition of this is content that is effends and insults the audience for which it is aimed at.
Lawyers
may need to check whether a production breaks this law before it is released.
Content such as sexually explicit, violent and/or drug taking is reviewed for
suitability. Decisions are made dependent on factors such as age range of the
audience, the time a production is broadcast.
The Human Centipede, a 2010 horror film in which a scientist stitches kidnap victims together, was proudly touted as "the most horrific film ever made".
But its Dutch director, Tom Six, may have gone too far in the follow-up, because the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) has denied The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) an 18 certificate for fears it poses a "real risk" to cinemagoers.
You
can be sued for saying things about a person which
are untrue and damage their reputation. The law was created to protect people from unwarranted, mistaken or untruthful attacks on their
reputation.
A case from October 2013 Alan Davies, tweeted a statmend about Lord McAlpine that was untrue. The tweet related to child sex abuse alligations, which related the comedian agreeing to pay £15.000 and damages issuing a warning to the users of the social media service.
A large business organization consisting of several different companies that
have joined together
e.g. Rupert Murdochis one person but owns companies all over the world, he used to own News OF The World, untill recently it closed down because of a phone hacking scandle.
Public Ownership
Public ownership is the ownership by a public body representing society,
government, state power or some other political body. Like the BBC, the TV licence is payed by the public so it makes it owned by the public
Private Ownership
Being owned by a private individual or organization, rather than by the state or
a public body. Other media companies dont get funded by the TV licence so they have to pay for the company them selves.
The first way media companys gets income is by advertisements, advertisers pay the company to put an advert in to thier product.
The second way media companies get income in is by sponsorships. e.g. xFactor gets sponsored of Talk Talk.
The third way media companies get income in is by investors, investors invest money into the company for a percentage of the profit back to them.
There is another way but it only works for the BBC. TV licence money all goes to the BBC which can pay for everything, because everyone in the UK pays for a TV licence, which is a lot of money.
Takeover means when a big company comes and takes over another company to make it their own
Merge
Merge is when two companys come together and work as one
Vertical intergration
The combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
Horizontal integration
absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level.
When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on the same production path, such as when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor.
The Publishing industry generates a turnover in the region of
£10.1 billion and is one of the biggest
earners and exporters for the UK Creative Media Industries
Publishing is made up of many different sectors:
Books;
Journals (including electronic journals);
Newspapers;
News agencies;
Magazines and business media;
Directories and mailing lists;
Other information services
The Publishing industry employs over 195,000 people, Over 51,000 people are employed in the newspaper sector, with 50,500 working in
journals and magazines, 33,000 in the book industry and nearly 12,000 in other
information service activities.
The total Photo Imaging workforce comprises
around 43,100 people. 51% of these are based
in the south of England, with the largest proportion - some 38% - in London and
the South East. The rest of the workforce is spread throughout Scotland, Wales,
Northern Ireland and the remaining regions of England, with the highest
concentrations in the South West (13%) and the East of England (12%).
The Photo Imaging industry is made up of 8,700
companies, two thirds (68%) of which are sole trading or freelance
photographers.
The interactive media industry is a very fluid sector with many overlaps
with, and blurred distinctions between, other sectors. It is worth several billion pounds annually and employs
around 43,000 people, representing approximately 22% of the
total Creative Media Industries. Interactive media is not so much a sector as a
discipline, as its creation and use is increasingly becoming part of everyday
activity across all sectors of industry in general.
The animation industry in the UK consists of a workforce that stretches
across many of the sectors in the creative media industries. You will find
animated content on television, in feature films, commercials, websites and
computer or video games.
The animation industry in the UK consists of a workforce that stretches across
many of the sectors in the creative media industries. You will find animated
content on television, in feature films, commercials, websites and computer or
video games.
Animation companies currently provide employment for around 4,700 people
throughout the UK, of whom nearly two fifths are freelance or on short term
contracts, with almost 20% Sole Traders, or self-employed. The largest key
occupational groups are draw/stop frame animation employing around 1,000 people,
producing (910), computer generated animation (900), and production (430). In
addition, a further 1,100 more people are employed in key animation roles in
other audiovisual sectors.
The radio
has been the first device to allow for mass communication. It has enabled
information to be transferred far and wide, not only nationally wide but
internationally as well. The development of the radio began in 1893 with Nikolai
Tesla’s demonstration of wireless radio communication in St. Louis, Missouri.
His work laid the foundation for those later scientists who worked to perfect
the radio we now use. The man most associated with the advent of the radio is
Guglielmo Marconi, who in 1986 was awarded the official patent for the radio by
the British Government.
These operators fall into three broad
categories: publicly-funded radio, commercial radio and the community
and voluntary radio sector - from well-established student and hospital radio to
the most recently licensed community radio stations. The industry has been
growing steadily in recent years and now employs over
22,000 people (more than terrestrial TV) in a wide range of
occupations. Employers range in size from the BBC and larger commercial radio
groups to not-for-profit community radio stations run mainly by volunteers.
The first British television broadcast was made by Baird Television's
electromechanical system over the BBC radio transmitter in September 1929.
On November 2, 1936 the BBC began broadcasting a dual-system service,
alternating between Marconi-EMI's 405-line standard and Baird's improved 240-line
standard, from Alexandra Palace in London, making the BBC
Television Service (now BBC one) the
world's first regular high-definition television service.
The history of film began in the late
1880s with the invention of the first movie camera.
Motion pictures were initially exhibited as a carnival novelty and developed to
one of the most important tools of communication
and entertainment,
and mass media
in the 20th century and into the 21st century. Most films before 1930 were
silent. Motion
picture films have substantially affected the arts,
technology,
and politics.
Around 66,000 people work in film and cinema in the UK. More widely, our
creative industries as a whole employ 1.8m people, from writers and designers,
via set builders and special effects technicians, to programmers to printers.
Everyone working in the creative industries depends on trademarks, patents or
copyrights to safeguard their investments.
